Hair-waving device.



F. R. MARCEL.

HAIR WAVING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED MAYS, |916.

Patented J an. 7, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEE l F. B. MARCEL.

HAIR WAVING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED IIIAY a. Isle.

Patented Jan. 7, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 I ....HHVHIIIIIII Nm \N 0G MM. QN

Figure 1 sessed by FBANQIS REN MARCEL, 0F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

HAIR-WAVING DEVICE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. '7, 1 919.

Application filed May 3, 1916. Serial No. 95,019.

To all lwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANoIsREN MAR,- oEL, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Brooklyn, city and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hair- Wavin Devices,- of which the following is a s eci cation.

y invention relates tov a device for imparting curls or waves to womens hair. The object of the invention is to provide a simple and eiiicient device for imparting the Marcel wave to the hair and without danger of injuring it. Another object is to provide a device which women may Ause and manipulate readily for waving their own hair and without the skill usually posexpert hairdressers.`

Heretofore it has been diiiicult for women tofwave their own hair to produce vthe desired-effect because` the devices made for the purpose have not been successful or because those which were capable of producin the desired effect were adapted for use o y by the professional hairdresser. With my present invention a woman may very conveniently wave her hairand without danger of overheating or burning it.

`QIn the drawings -forming part of this application, i

is a perspective view showing one part of the device attached or applie `to the hair for waving,

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the device which is attached to the hair and of the device inserted therein to apply the heat,

l Fi 3 is an endl view of the device which attac es to the hair, the same being shown closed, as when secured in place, but without the hair,

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view, showing the same opened to receive the hair,

Fig. 5-is a sectional view, line 5-5 of Fig. 4, Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the electrical device for applying the heat,

Fig. 7 is a similar view taken at right angle to Fig. '6.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the heating prongs detached from the handle,

taken on the Fi 10 is a sectional view, taken on the 'line 10--10 of Fig. 6,

Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken on the line 11-11 of Fig. 6 and Fig. 12 is a perspective view of one of the terminal connecting members.

The invention consists primarily of a device to be applied to the head and about which the hair maybe twisted, and of means for applying heat to the hair.

The device herein shown and about which the hair may be twisted is shown in Figs. 1 to' 5. It consists of a base 1 composed of members 2 and; 3 which are pivotally connected by a pin 4. The connection is preferably made by a' joint which will permit the members 2v and 3 to pivot'in more than one direction. For instance I have shown, a ball 5, on the member 3, which turns in a socket member 6, the slot 7 permitting the pm 4 to swing in one direction, while the members 2, 3 may also' pivot about the pin as an axis. The members 2, 3 may swing in their own plane on the pin 4 and they may be tilted to lie in converging planes.

Each of the members 2, 3 has a projection or stud 8 surrounded byla groove 9 and a tubel 10 fits over the projection 8 and it has one end seated in the groove, and a similar tube fits over 'the stud 8 of the member 3 and extends into the adjacent groove 9. This form of connection prevents the hair from getting between the parts and becoming caught and broken. The members 2, 3

may be made of any suitable material but I prefer to press or cast them of some such material as composite, which will stand the heat and which will not be too heavy. I prefer, however, to make the tubes 10, 11 of metal, although I do not wish to be' understood as limiting myself to these particular materials.

The tubes 10, 11, it is to be understood, are xed to and aremovable-- with, respectively, the members 2 and 3 and they project outwardly therefrom.

The undersidel of `the base is curved 'to form a substantiallyI 'spherical recess 12 so as to partially conform to the shape of the head and provide a Wide bearing contact for the base upon the head.

There is a clip member preferably made of spring metal and consisting of an intermediate loop 13 adapted to lie between the tubes 10, 11 and of loops 14, 15 'on opposite sides thereof which fit around the respective tubes when the latter are brought close to ether.

n -preparing the hair a number of devices as above descrlbed may be used, so that they may be applied at various positions around or on the head, each acting on some portion of the hair and when they have all been placed in position with locks of hair twisted around them heat may be applied to them successively and they may then remain until suflicient heat has been applied to the hair to fix the waves. l

In using this branch of' my invention the base 1 is placed against the head with the tubes 10, 11 projecting substantially'at right angles thereto. The base members are slightly swung open on the pin 4 as is shown in Fig. 4, to -form a space 16 to receive the hair and to Space the tubes apart. yInstead of depending upon this slight separation of the tubes and trying to guide the hair around andbetween them, which would be unhandy if a woman were manipulating the device on herown hair, it is preferable to tilt the base members 2, 3 so that they lie in slightly converging planes; This is permitted by the movement of the pin 4 in the slot 'l'.k

This temporarily causes the tubes to'separate at their outer ends, or to diverge, so that there will be a wider space between them at their outer ends where itwill be very easy to pass the hair between the tubes. This makes it unnecessary t0 separate the base members substantially beyond what .is actually necessary. to receive -the hair in the space 16.

With the device temporarily held in the position just described, i. e., with the tubes diverging, a lock of hair is brought up through the space 16 and it is, then passed around one of the tubes,for instance 11, and passed between the tubes and then reversely around the tube 10 and again between the tubes. This operation is carried on until the whole lock of hair has been wound around the tubes in a series of figures eight.

It is to be understood that the hair may be otherwise twisted around the tubes but the above arrangement will .produce what is known aS the Marcel wave. Y y

When substantially the whole length of the lock of hair has been twisted about the tubes, it is drawn taut by pulling on the end thereof. This will draw the tubes toward each other as close as the hair between them will permit. The clip is then pressed over the tubes beyond the hair, so that the loop The clip 13 lies between the tubes and the loops 14,

15 partiallyA surround and clamp the tubes.

loose from the tubes. v The tighter the hair 1s drawn upon the'tubes and the more securely held there the better and more permarient the wave. The clio now holds the tubes close to each other, they'being only sepa-rated by the intermediate lock-of twisted hair and it is no longer necessary to hold the device in position. v

The device will now remain in the position shown 1n Fig. 1, held thereby the hair itself.. The base 1 will lie against the head and the -tubes 10, 11 will project outwardly substantially at right angles to the head. If heat 1s applled to the tubes there'is no danger of their coming into contact with the scalp and causing discomfort or even a burn; and, on the other hand, the device is retained 1n this position by the hair.

.Heat may now be applied te this rst devlce and then other devices like the first one may be attached at other positions on the head, so that while the heat .is acting at one place to set the wave another device may be arranged for heating, and so on, until, when the last device has been applied, the rst one will have suiiiciently heated the hair to i set the wave, and be ready for removal.

The heat 1s furnished preferably by means of heatlng members temporarily inserted in the tubes 1o, 11.

In Fig. 2 I have shown a device consisting of a handle 17 and two parallel prongs or prongs 1s transferred by conduction or radiv atlon, or both, to the tubes. If the prongs are heated to a comparatively high temperature then they need be inserted in the tubes for only a very brief period. As the prongs do notfcome into y direct contact with the hair they may be very hot without danger of scorchmg the ha1r. After sufficient heat has been imparted to the tubes the heating dev1ce 1s removed and the heat stored by the ltlubes 1s gradually given ofi` by them to the air.

While such a heater will accomplish the purpose, nevertheless it is ouicker and easier to use an electrical heater, such as that shown in Figs. 6 to 12. i A

Herein the prongs 20, 21 consist of hollow tubes arranged 1n parallel spaced relation. the tubesbeing fitted in one member 22 of the handle. The other member of the handle comprises atubular vshell 23 having a screw threaded connection 24 with the member 22.

The member 22 has a segmental extension 130 25 on which there is a raised ortion 26 provided with a screw hole 27. rThe raised portion has an aperture 28 in its rear end, and there is a clamping block 29 which is secured upon the member 26 by a screw 30 which is threaded into the aperture 27. The members 22, 25, 26 and 29 are all made of insulating material and for this purpose they may be cast from composite or some such material.

There is a heating unit comprising a rod 31 inserted into each tube 20, 21. These electrical heating units are not shown in detail because they may be made like units now in common use in electric curling irons. The units are preferably connected in series and for that purpose a wire 32 connects one terminal of one unit with a terminal of the other unit. The other terminals 33, 34 of these units are carried back and are-detachably connected with the cable wires 35, 36 respectively. The cable wires 35, 36 each have a split block on the end for clamping the terminals 33, 34. The wires-35, 36 each have secured thereto one half 37, of the split block and the other half 38, is secured to the part 37 by means of a screw 39. The members 37, 38 havecurved recesses 40 provided with cross teeth 41. A terminal from one ofthe units is inserted in the recesses 40 of the block members and then the screw 39 is tightened to clamp these members together. The terminal wire will be tightly gripped and the teeth 41 will prevent the split block from separating from the terminal wire. This forms a simple and efiicient connection between the cable wires 35, 36 and the terminal wires of the heating units and it permits the assembling and disassembling of the parts readily and without injury to the wires.

The cable wires 35, 36 are tied in a knot at 42 to prevent any tension on the cable from disarranging the connections between the cable wires and thewres 33, 34. The cable 43 extends through a bushing 44 at the end of the handle 23 and it is connected up in the usual waywith a source of electricity.

In assembling the device the heating units are inserted in the tubes 20, 21, the curved shape of the member 25 allowing free access to the tubes from the rear. while the handle 23 is removed. The cable 43 is then passed through the aperture 28 and through the bushing 44. The wires 35,

36 are then tied at 42 so that they will not be further drawn through the aperture 28.

While the handleis still removed, the blocks 38, 37 are clamped upon the respective terminals 33, 34 and they are secured by tightening the screws 39. The block 29 is now placed in position and screwed down. The handle 23 is now moved into position to start the threads 24 and it is screwed on This is done the member 22. In manipulating the heater there is no danger of breaking the connections within the handle. This is important because the terminal wires are not adapted to stand much strain.

On the other hand, it is very easy to remove the handle, separate the connections, and remove the heating units. The ends of the heating units and the terminal wires` 33, 34 are surrounded by insulating material,

and the member 28 separates the wires 35,

36 so that there is no possibility of an accidental short circuit within the heater.

This heater is used in the same manner i as the heater shown in Fig. 2. The tubes 20, 21v are inserted into the tubes 10, 11 of the waver and the current is then turned on. The heat generated in the units 31 and given o by the tubes 20, 21 is imparted to the tubes 10, 11 to affect the hair and set the wave.

The device is simple, easy to manipulate and it is inexpensive to manufacture. With I which the hair is adapted to be twisted for y the purpose set forth.

2. In a device of the class described, the *combination of a base adapted to engage the head and comprising members pivoted to swing apart, an elongated member secured to each of said base members at a point sepa.- rated from the pivotal. point, said elongated members extending in the same general direction and adapted to be moved toward and from'each other with the swinging of said i base members.

3. In a device of the class described, the vcombination of a base adapted to engage the head and comprising members pivoted to swing toward and from each other and to `tilt in relation to eachv other, an elongated member secured to each of said base members at a point separated from the pivotal point, said elongated members extendingin the same general direction and adapted to be moved toward and from each otherand to be tllted to diverge in relation to each gther, with the movement of said base memers.

4. In a device of the'class described, the combination of a base adapted to engage the head and comprising members pivoted to swlng toward and from each other and to tilt in' relation to each other, a tubular member secured to each base member at a point separated from the pivotal point, said tubu- 4 v v l 1,296,622*

lar members extending in the same general members, an lelongated member secured to direction and adapted to be moved toward each of said base members, said elongated and from each other und to be tilted to members extending in the lsame general didiverge in relation to each other, with the rection and adapted to move with said base 5 movement of said base members, .and demembers, and a clip forengagingand slid- 15 tachable means simultaneously insertible into able along said elongated members.y both tubular members for the purpose of Signed at the city,icounty and State of applying heat thereto. New York, this 26 dayof April, 1916. 5. In a device of the class described, the l 10 combination of a base comprising pivoted FRANQOIS'REN MARCEL. 

